2.7 - Graphene

Graphene

• Graphene is a single layer of graphite, just one atom thick, making it a two-dimensional form of carbon.
• Within the layer, each carbon atom is joined to three neighbours by strong covalent bonds in a repeating pattern of hexagons.

Properties

• Very strong and light - Held together by strong covalent bonds throughout the sheet.
• Transparent - Being one atom thick allows light to pass straight through.
• Excellent conductor of electricity and heat - each carbon atom has one delocalised electron free to move across the whole sheet.

Uses

• Composite materials - Reinforces other materials to improve strength without adding much weight.
• Electronics - Its thinness and high conductivity make it valuable in miniature circuits.
• Batteries and solar cells - Used in batteries to make them lighter and faster to recharge, and in solar cells, where it lets light through and conducts electricity.